{"id":1434,"date":"2025-05-14T09:27:40","date_gmt":"2025-05-14T06:27:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/artekinlaw.com\/rekabet\/"},"modified":"2025-05-15T15:34:27","modified_gmt":"2025-05-15T12:34:27","slug":"rekabet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.artekinlaw.com\/tr\/rekabet\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130\u015f G\u00fcc\u00fc Piyasalar\u0131nda Rekabet \u0130hlalleri"},"content":{"rendered":"
    \n
  1. Giri\u015f<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Rekabet hukukunun geleneksel uygulama alan\u0131, \u00e7o\u011funlukla mal ve hizmet piyasalar\u0131ndaki fiyat, \u00fcretim miktar\u0131 ve b\u00f6lge payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 gibi klasik kartel davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131na odaklanm\u0131\u015fken, i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc piyasalar\u0131 gibi \u201cal\u0131m taraf\u0131nda\u201d ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen rekabet ihlalleri uzun y\u0131llar gri bir alan olarak kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak Rekabet Kurulu\u2019nun \u00f6zellikle son be\u015f y\u0131lda verdi\u011fi kararlar ve nihayet 21.11.2024 tarihli \u201c\u0130\u015f G\u00fcc\u00fc Piyasalar\u0131ndaki Rekabet \u0130hlallerine Y\u00f6nelik K\u0131lavuz\u201d ile bu alandaki hukuki \u00e7er\u00e7eve netle\u015ftirilmi\u015f, i\u015fverenler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken yeni y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler do\u011fmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

    Kurul bu k\u0131lavuz ile i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn bir \u00fcretim girdisi olarak nitelendirilmesi suretiyle, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara y\u00f6nelik \u00fccret tespiti, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan tranfer etmeme \u00a0anla\u015fmalar\u0131 ve bilgi de\u011fi\u015fimi uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 4054 say\u0131l\u0131 Rekabetin Korunmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u00a0 kapsam\u0131nda oldu\u011funu kabul etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u0130\u015f G\u00fcc\u00fc Piyasalar\u0131nda Rekabet Hukukunun Geni\u015fleyen Etki Alan\u0131<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u0130\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131nda arz taraf\u0131nda (\u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar) \u00e7ok say\u0131da akt\u00f6r varken, talep taraf\u0131nda (i\u015fverenler) daha s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da te\u015febb\u00fcs yer almakta; bu durum pazarl\u0131k g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc i\u015fveren lehine yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda i\u015f de\u011fi\u015ftirmenin maliyetli olmas\u0131, ailevi ve sosyal ba\u011flar gibi sebeplerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar aras\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc hareketlili\u011fi, i\u015fverenlerin rekabeti k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flara y\u00f6nelmesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      Bu noktada Kurul\u2019un vurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir husus da, i\u015fverenler aras\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan hareketlili\u011fini do\u011frudan veya dolayl\u0131 \u015fekilde k\u0131s\u0131tlayan anla\u015fmalar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015ftirdi\u011fi, yenilik\u00e7ili\u011fi ve \u00fcretkenli\u011fi baltalad\u0131\u011f\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yaln\u0131zca \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar i\u00e7in de\u011fil, \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 piyasalar\u0131nda da t\u00fcketiciler i\u00e7in olumsuz sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furdu\u011fudur.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u00dccret Tespiti Anla\u015fmalar\u0131<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u0130\u015fverenlerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131na \u00f6denecek \u00fccretleri, zam oranlar\u0131n\u0131, sosyal haklar\u0131 ve yan haklar\u0131 birlikte belirlemeleri durumunda, bu uygulama \u00fccret tespiti anla\u015fmas\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirilmekte ve do\u011frudan ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Kurul\u2019un 24.02.2022 tarihli ve 22-10\/152-62 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi, al\u0131m taraf\u0131nda fiyat tespiti niteli\u011finde olan bu uygulamalar, ama\u00e7 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ihlal kabul edilmekte ve ciddi idari para cezalar\u0131na konu olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        Bu t\u00fcr anla\u015fmalarda; \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n \u00fccretleri, zam oranlar\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcreleri, yan haklar\u0131, tazminatlar\u0131, izin haklar\u0131, rekabet etmeme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri gibi unsurlar ortakla\u015fa \u015fekilde belirlenmektedir. Bu unsurlar, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde en temel ve belirleyici ko\u015fullar olup, i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131ndaki rekabetin ana parametreleri aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. K\u0131lavuz’a g\u00f6re, s\u00f6z konusu anla\u015fmalar “ama\u00e7 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ihlal” te\u015fkil etmekte ve kartel niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        Bu anla\u015fmalar do\u011frudan iki te\u015febb\u00fcs aras\u0131nda yap\u0131labilece\u011fi gibi, bir insan kaynaklar\u0131 dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k \u015firketi, sekt\u00f6r derne\u011fi veya ticaret odas\u0131 gibi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir taraf arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf\u0131n bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te aktif rol oynamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, ihlale i\u015ftirak eden taraf olarak sorumlulu\u011fu do\u011fabilir.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan Tranfer Yasa\u011f\u0131 (Ayartmama) Anla\u015fmalar\u0131<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Rekabet Kurumu’nun tan\u0131m\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan transfer yasa\u011f\u0131 anla\u015fmalar\u0131 (no-poach agreements), bir te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcn ba\u015fka bir te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fe almamas\u0131 veya i\u015f teklifinde bulunmamas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki do\u011frudan ya da dolayl\u0131 taahh\u00fctlerdir. Bu kapsamda;<\/p>\n

            \n
          • Birbirlerinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131na i\u015f teklif etmeme,<\/li>\n
          • \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015fe al\u0131m\u0131n\u0131, mevcut i\u015fverenin onay\u0131na tabi k\u0131lma,<\/li>\n
          • Eski \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara y\u00f6nelik geriye d\u00f6n\u00fck istihdam yasa\u011f\u0131 getirme gibi uygulamalar da bu kapsamdad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            K\u0131lavuz, bu t\u00fcr anla\u015fmalar\u0131n da ama\u00e7 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ihlal oldu\u011funu ve pazar payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 yasa\u011f\u0131na benzer nitelikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011fini belirtir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu durum, eme\u011fin arz edildi\u011fi pazar\u0131n yapay olarak b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesine neden olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

            \u00d6zellikle a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki durumlar a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ihlal te\u015fkil eder:<\/p>\n

              \n
            • S\u00f6zl\u00fc ya da yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde \u201c\u015fu ki\u015fiyi alma\u201d y\u00f6n\u00fcnde mutabakat sa\u011flanmas\u0131,<\/li>\n
            • \u0130\u015fe al\u0131m kararlar\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcn \u00f6n onay\u0131na ba\u011flanmas\u0131,<\/li>\n
            • \u0130stihdam yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n herhangi bir anla\u015fman\u0131n taraflar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara da geni\u015fletilmesi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              K\u0131lavuz\u2019a g\u00f6re, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ayartmama anla\u015fmalar\u0131 yaln\u0131zca ayn\u0131 sekt\u00f6rde faaliyet g\u00f6steren te\u015febb\u00fcsler aras\u0131nda de\u011fil, \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 pazar\u0131nda rakip olmasalar bile i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc pazar\u0131nda rekabet halinde olan t\u00fcm te\u015febb\u00fcsler aras\u0131nda uygulanabilir. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle, piyasada faaliyet g\u00f6stermeyen ancak ayn\u0131 i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc hedefleyen \u015firketler de bu h\u00fckm\u00fcn kapsam\u0131na girmektedir.<\/p>\n

              Rekabet Kurulu bu t\u00fcr anla\u015fmalar\u0131n, \u00f6zellikle y\u00fcksek uzmanl\u0131k gerektiren sekt\u00f6rlerde, i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yapay bi\u00e7imde k\u0131s\u0131tlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; bu durumun yenilik\u00e7ilik, \u00fcretkenlik ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan motivasyonu \u00fczerinde olumsuz etkiler yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. Rekabete Duyarl\u0131 Bilgi De\u011fi\u015fimi<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                K\u0131lavuz\u2019da de\u011finilen bir di\u011fer kritik ba\u015fl\u0131k ise bilgi de\u011fi\u015fimidir. \u0130\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131na ili\u015fkin; \u00fccret ortalamalar\u0131, zam oranlar\u0131, yan haklar, prim politikalar\u0131 gibi verilerin te\u015febb\u00fcsler aras\u0131nda do\u011frudan veya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraflar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, rekabete duyarl\u0131 bilgi de\u011fi\u015fimi kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmektedir.<\/p>\n

                E\u011fer bilgi de\u011fi\u015fimi, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n i\u015f tercihlerine do\u011frudan etki edebilecek nitelikte ise ve payla\u015f\u0131m toplula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f, anonimle\u015ftirilmemi\u015f ve g\u00fcncel verileri i\u00e7eriyorsa, Kurul bu de\u011fi\u015fimi do\u011frudan rekabeti k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 etki do\u011furan uygulama olarak kabul etmektedir.<\/p>\n

                K\u0131lavuz\u2019a g\u00f6re, bilgi de\u011fi\u015fiminin hukuka uygun say\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in \u015fu be\u015f ko\u015ful birlikte ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmelidir:<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf\u00e7a y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi,<\/li>\n
                • Verinin kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n veya bireysel veri i\u00e7eri\u011finin anla\u015f\u0131lamamas\u0131,<\/li>\n
                • Verilerin en az 3 ay \u00f6ncesine ait olmas\u0131,<\/li>\n
                • En az 10 kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n verisini i\u00e7ermesi,<\/li>\n
                • Hi\u00e7bir kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n verisinin toplamda %25\u2019ten fazla paya sahip olmamas\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                    \n
                  1. Yan S\u0131n\u0131rlamalar ve Muafiyet Rejimi<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    K\u0131lavuz, baz\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n \u201cyan s\u0131n\u0131rlama\u201d say\u0131labilece\u011fini, bu durumda RKHK m. 4 kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmeyece\u011fini belirtmektedir. Ancak bu t\u00fcr s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n ge\u00e7erli olabilmesi i\u00e7in do\u011frudan ilgili, gerekli ve orant\u0131l\u0131 olmalar\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

                    \u00d6rne\u011fin bir \u015firket devralmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusuysa, devral\u0131nan \u015firketin kilit \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik ge\u00e7ici bir istihdam k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131, yaln\u0131zca s\u00fcre, co\u011frafi kapsam ve taraf say\u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 tutuldu\u011fu takdirde ge\u00e7erli olabilir.<\/p>\n

                    \u00d6te yandan, \u00fccret tespiti ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan tranfer yasa\u011f\u0131 anla\u015fmalar\u0131 gibi hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 nitelikli uygulamalar, RKHK m. 5 kapsam\u0131nda muafiyet tan\u0131nabilecek uygulamalar aras\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilememektedir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu t\u00fcr ihlallerin, ekonomik veya teknik geli\u015fme sa\u011flamaktan \u00e7ok, do\u011frudan rekabeti bozan sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furdu\u011fu kabul edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    1. Sonu\u00e7 ve De\u011ferlendirme<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      Rekabet Kurulu\u2019nun yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu K\u0131lavuz, i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc piyasalar\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen personel politikalar\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131k yaln\u0131zca i\u015f hukuku ile de\u011fil, rekabet hukuku ba\u011flam\u0131nda da de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. \u00dccret politikalar\u0131, i\u015fe al\u0131m stratejileri ve bilgi payla\u015f\u0131m s\u00fcre\u00e7leri, bundan b\u00f6yle s\u0131k\u0131 bir rekabet hukuku denetimi alt\u0131na al\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                      \u0130\u015fverenlerin, \u00f6zellikle insan kaynaklar\u0131 ve hukuk departmanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda koordinasyon sa\u011flayarak, bu t\u00fcr ihlallerin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7meleri, do\u011frudan idari para cezalar\u0131 ve itibar kayb\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmamak ad\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem arz etmektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                      Giri\u015f Rekabet hukukunun geleneksel uygulama alan\u0131, \u00e7o\u011funlukla mal ve hizmet piyasalar\u0131ndaki fiyat, \u00fcretim miktar\u0131 ve b\u00f6lge payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 gibi klasik kartel davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131na odaklanm\u0131\u015fken, i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc piyasalar\u0131 gibi \u201cal\u0131m taraf\u0131nda\u201d ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen rekabet ihlalleri uzun y\u0131llar gri bir alan olarak kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak Rekabet Kurulu\u2019nun \u00f6zellikle son be\u015f y\u0131lda verdi\u011fi kararlar ve nihayet 21.11.2024 tarihli \u201c\u0130\u015f G\u00fcc\u00fc Piyasalar\u0131ndaki Rekabet […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1431,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1434","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-makale"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.artekinlaw.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1434","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.artekinlaw.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.artekinlaw.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.artekinlaw.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.artekinlaw.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1434"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.artekinlaw.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1434\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1437,"href":"https:\/\/www.artekinlaw.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1434\/revisions\/1437"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.artekinlaw.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1431"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.artekinlaw.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1434"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.artekinlaw.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1434"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.artekinlaw.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1434"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}